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January 2010 Enewsletter - Nanotechnology: The Future of Remediation?
What is Nanotechnology and Nanoremediation?
Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at a molecular and atomic scale. Nanotechnologies are currently used most frequently in semiconductors, memory/storage and energy sectors, among others, but has interesting implications in the field of environmental remediation.
Nanoremediation tactics include the application of reactive nanomaterials to transform and detoxify pollutants. Because of their very small size, nanoparticles may be able to infuse minute spaces in the subsurface and remain suspended in groundwater, resulting in the particles dispersing more widely and traveling farther than larger particles. This EPA fact sheet provides a snapshot of the current uses of nanotechnology in remediation.
Benefits of Nanotechnology in Environmental Engineering
In-situ nanoremediation could possibly reduce the overall costs of remediating contaminated sites, make cleanups faster, reduce the need for treatment and disposal of contaminated soil and reduce some contaminant concentrations to nearly zero. For example, for nanoremediation in situ, groundwater does not need to be pumped for above ground treatment and soil is not required to be transported to elsewhere for treatment and disposal. Because the average pump-and-treat system operates for about 18 years, early results from nanotechnology suggest faster, less expensive cleanups.
In addition to groundwater remediation, nanotechnology holds promise in reducing the presence of NAPL. A material utilizing mostly calcium nano-sized oxides was used in situ to clean up heating oil spills from USTs. Access a list of sites and a map where nanotechnology is currently in use.
The Next Steps in Nanoremediation
Although available data indicate that risks of manufactured nanoparticles to environmental and human health are likely minimal, significant research on their potential impact to the environment and on human health is scant. A full review of benefits and potential risks is available here.
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